Cancer - What is dose reductions neck cancer treatment outcomes

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Cancer - What is dose reductions neck cancer treatment outcomes

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1. cancer dose reductions neck cancer treatment outcomes

   Outcome is a specific result or effect that can be measured. Examples of outcomes include decreased pain, reduced tumor size, and improvement of disease. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • Seemingly, treating head and neck cancer with radiotherapy can lead to serious loss of salivary gland function with the only current method of reducing such adverse effects being the lowering of the dose of radiotoxic therapy given. The problem with such a method is that the dose has to be substantial enough to treat the cancer and so lowering the dose may not offer the best course of treatment for patients in the long-run. Salivary gland is a gland in the mouth that produces saliva. Radiotherapy is the use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy). Systemic radiotherapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body. Also called irradiation and radiation therapy. Gland is an organ that makes one or more substances, such as hormones, digestive juices, sweat, tears, saliva, or milk. Endocrine glands release the substances directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands release the substances into a duct or opening to the inside or outside of the body. Head and neck cancer, cancer that arises in the head or neck region (in the nasal cavity, sinuses, lips, mouth, salivary glands, throat, or larynx [voice box]).
   
   
   • Apparently, patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving radiation therapy (RT) alone or with concurrent chemotherapy (CRT) often develop mucositis that may lead to unplanned treatment interruptions and/or chemotherapy dose reductions. Some RT schedules have included planned treatment breaks to allow normal tissues to recover from these toxicities. Radiation, energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves. Common sources of radiation include radon gas, cosmic rays from outer space, medical x-rays, and energy given off by a radioisotope (unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable). Mucositis is a complication of some cancer therapies in which the lining of the digestive system becomes inflamed. Often seen as sores in the mouth. Recover, to become well and healthy again. Chemotherapy, treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body. Also called irradiation and radiotherapy.
   
   
   • It seems that, consequences of mucositis-induced treatment breaks and dose reductions on head and neck cancer treatment outcomes.
   
   

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What is cancer contraindication?

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What is cancer contraindication?

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1. cancer contraindication

   Contraindication is a symptom or medical condition that makes a particular treatment or procedure inadvisable because a person is likely to have a bad reaction. For example, having a bleeding disorder is a contraindication for taking aspirin because treatment with aspirin may cause excess bleeding. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • One can notice, neoadjuvant systemic therapy is the accepted approach for women with locally advanced breast cancer for whom immediate surgery is inappropriate and is an option for women with operable breast cancer, particularly when, based on tumor size, mastectomy rather than conservative surgery is indicated, and the patient desires an attempt at breast conservation. Operable, describes a condition that can be treated by surgery. Surgery is a procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present. An operation. Systemic therapy, treatment using substances that travel through the bloodstream, reaching and affecting cells all over the body. Tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer). Also called neoplasm. Breast, glandular organ located on the chest. The breast is made up of connective tissue, fat, and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called mammary gland. Systemic, affecting the entire body. Breast cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare. Mastectomy, surgery to remove part or all of the breast. There are different types of mastectomy that differ in the amount of tissue and lymph nodes removed. Therapy, treatment.
   
   
   • It looks that, neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer Indications, pretreatment evaluation, and response. Response is in medicine, an improvement related to treatment.
   
   
   • One can view, the majority of hand surgeons (58%) felt there was no contra-indication to surgery in a breast cancer patient with prior ipsilateral ALNC compared to just 30% of breast surgeons and 10% of breast-care nurses. The majority of breast surgeons and breast-care nurses (70% and 89%, respectively) felt that hand surgery was a relative contra-indication compared to just 41% of hand surgeons. Ipsilateral, on the same side of the body as another structure or a given point.
   
   

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What is cancer gp209-2M?

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What is cancer gp209-2M?

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1. cancer gp209-2m

   Gp209-2M is a peptide (short piece of protein) made from the tumor-specific antigen gp100, and used to make vaccines being studied in the treatment of melanoma. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • It has been discovered that, this may be caused as part of treatment, by an infection, or by exposure to heat. hyperthermia therapy (hy-per-THER-mee-a) A type of treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures to damage and kill cancer cells or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs. Therapy, treatment. Hyperthermia therapy is a type of treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures to damage and kill cancer cells or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs. Radiation, energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves. Common sources of radiation include radon gas, cosmic rays from outer space, medical x-rays, and energy given off by a radioisotope (unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable). Tissue is a group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Infection, invasion and multiplication of germs in the body. Infections can occur in any part of the body and can spread throughout the body. The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, or fungi. They can cause a fever and other problems, depending on where the infection occurs. When the body`s natural defense system is strong, it can often fight the germs and prevent infection. Some cancer treatments can weaken the natural defense system. Hyperthermia, abnormally high body temperature. This may be caused as part of treatment, by an infection, or by exposure to heat.
   
   
   • One can recognize, FOLFOX An abbreviation for a type of combination chemotherapy that is used to treat colorectal cancer. Colorectal, having to do with the colon or the rectum. Chemotherapy, treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells. FOLFOX is an abbreviation for a combination chemotherapy regimen that is used to treat colorectal cancer. It includes the drugs leucovorin calcium (folinic acid), fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin. There are several different FOLFOX regimens, including FOLFOX-4, FOLFOX-6, modified FOLFOX-6 (mFOLFOX-6), and FOLFOX-7. They differ in the doses and ways in which the three drugs are given. Also called FOLFOX regimen. Colorectal cancer, cancer that develops in the colon (the longest part of the large intestine) and/or the rectum (the last several inches of the large intestine before the anus). Combination chemotherapy, treatment using more than one anticancer drug.
   
   
   • It might seem apparant that, patients with an IBMFS are at high risk of forming acute leukemia or certain solid tumors. ICI 182780 A drug that blocks estrogen activity in the body and is used in the treatment of estrogen-dependent tumors such as breast cancer. IBMFS, inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. A rare disorder in which a person`s bone marrow is unable to make enough blood cells and there is a family history of the same disorder. There are several different inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Patients with an IBMFS are at high risk of forming acute leukemia or certain solid tumors. Also called inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. Estrogen is a type of hormone made by the body that helps develop and maintain female sex characteristics and the growth of long bones. Estrogens can also be made in the laboratory. They may be used as a type of birth control and to treat symptoms of menopause, menstrual disorders, osteoporosis, and other conditions. Breast, glandular organ located on the chest. The breast is made up of connective tissue, fat, and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called mammary gland. Breast cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare. Acute, symptoms or signs that begin and worsen quickly; not chronic. Acute leukemia is a rapidly progressing cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of white blood cells to be produced and enter the blood stream. Leukemia, cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream. ICI 182780 is a drug used to treat certain types of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. ICI 182780 blocks estrogen activity in the body and is a type of antiestrogen. Also called Faslodex and fulvestrant.
   
   

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costochondritis

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costochondritis

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Cancer - What is universally effective protocols

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Cancer - What is universally effective protocols

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1. cancer universally effective protocols

   Protocol is a detailed plan of a scientific or medical experiment, treatment, or procedure. In clinical trials, it states what the study will do, how it will be done, and why it is being done. It explains how many people will be in the study, who is eligible to take part in it, what study drugs or other interventions will be given, what tests will be done and how often, and what information will be collected. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • It`s obvious that, cincinnati. A University of Cincinnati (UC) gynecologic oncology expert is testing an investigational drug he hopes will lead to more effective treatments for recurrent ovarian cancer, an often aggressive and difficult-to-diagnose form of cancer that affects more than 21,000 women in the United States annually. Ovarian cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the ovary (one of a pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed). Most ovarian cancers are either ovarian epithelial carcinomas (cancer that begins in the cells on the surface of the ovary) or malignant germ cell tumors (cancer that begins in egg cells). Investigational drug is a substance that has been tested in a laboratory and has gotten approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be tested in people. An investigational drug may be approved by the FDA for use in one disease or condition but be considered investigational in other diseases or conditions. Also called experimental drug and investigational agent. Oncology is the study of cancer. Investigational is in clinical trials, refers to a drug (including a new drug, dose, combination, or route of administration) or procedure that has undergone basic laboratory testing and received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be tested in human subjects. A drug or procedure may be approved by the FDA for use in one disease or condition, but be considered investigational in other diseases or conditions. Also called experimental. Ovarian, having to do with the ovaries, the female reproductive glands in which the ova (eggs) are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Gynecologic, having to do with the female reproductive tract (including the cervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, and vagina). Aggressive is in medicine, describes a tumor or disease that forms, grows, or spreads quickly. It may also describe treatment that is more severe or intense than usual.
   
   
   • It is often discovered that, since I began my cancer research, in 2002, I have learned a cancer patient should use multiple effective treatments when treating their cancer and that if they use electromedicine devices they should also include nutritional protocols.
   
   
   • It`s that, while many people have effectively used the contact electrode method as their sole cancer treatment, I always recommend a nutritional protocol be combined with any frequency generator protocol. Electrode is in medicine, a device such as a small metal plate or needle that carries electricity from an instrument to a patient for treatment or surgery. Electrodes can also carry electrical signals from muscles, brain, heart, skin, or other body parts to recording devices to help diagnose certain conditions.
   
   

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where can I find information about prostate cancer and seed implantation

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where can I find information about prostate cancer and seed implantation

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1. information

   
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   • It`s possible to deduce that, no health information on Yahoo, including information about herbal therapies and other dietary supplements, is regulated or evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and therefore the information should not be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Cure, to heal or restore health; a treatment to restore health. Food and Drug Administration is an agency in the U.S. federal government whose mission is to protect public health by making sure that food, cosmetics, and nutritional supplements are safe to use and truthfully labeled. The Food and Drug Administration also makes sure that drugs, medical devices, and equipment are safe and effective, and that blood for transfusions and transplant tissue are safe. Also called FDA. Herbal, having to do with plants. Administration is in medicine, the act of giving a treatment, such as a drug, to a patient. It can also refer to the way it is given, the dose, or how often it is given.
   
   
   • It`s been discovered that, medical information changes rapidly and while Yahoo and its content providers make efforts to update the content on the site, some information may be out of date.
   
   
   • It`s apparent that, several additional, even more rare missense mutations in HOXB13 were identified in the original 94 hereditary prostate cancer families, which further implicates HOXB13 in prostate carcinogenesis, the researchers noted. Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen. Carcinogenesis is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. Hereditary, transmitted from parent to child by information contained in the genes. Prostate cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men.
   
   


2. prostate cancer

   Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen. Prostate cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • It could seem apparant that, it tends to be slow-growing, such that many men die of other diseases before the prostate cancer causes problems in fact, autopsy studies have shown that upwards of three-fourths of men 80 and older have prostate cancer, though many were not diagnosed before the man died.
   
   
   • One can deduce that, the subjects in this study all had prostate cancer and were from families that have a lot of prostate cancer in them. ALL is an aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia.
   
   
   • One can view, prostate cancer experts contacted by ABC News in collaboration with MedPage Today agreed that genetic risk assessment in prostate cancer could be game changing. Genetic, inherited; having to do with information that is passed from parents to offspring through genes in sperm and egg cells. Assessment is in healthcare, a process used to learn about a patient`s condition. This may include a complete medical history, medical tests, a physical exam, a test of learning skills, tests to find out if the patient is able to carry out the tasks of daily living, a mental health evaluation, and a review of social support and community resources available to the patient.
   
   


3. prostate seed implantation

   Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen.

   
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   • It`s possible to presume that, cole, has over 30 years of experience and is considered an expert in Prostate Seed Implantation (Prostate Brachytherapy). Brachytherapy is a type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near a tumor. Also called implant radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy, and radiation brachytherapy.
   
   
   • It`s possible to conclude that, he uses the latest innovations in prostate cancer seed implantation to adequately target cancer and treat patients. Prostate cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men.
   
   
   • It would appear apparant that, benjamin Barringer, chief of urology at what is now known as Memorial Sloan Kettering Hospital, espoused the use of radium needles for prostate cancer in 1917.
   
   

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how many children die of cancer each year?

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how many children die of cancer each year?

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1. children die cancer year

   Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • It is clear that, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for women between 45 and 60 years old and is widely believed to be genetic so it is important to be mindful if this is in your familys history. Breast, glandular organ located on the chest. The breast is made up of connective tissue, fat, and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called mammary gland. Breast cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare. Genetic, inherited; having to do with information that is passed from parents to offspring through genes in sperm and egg cells.
   
   
   • It could seem to be apparant that, each year cancer claims the lives of roughly 7.
   
   
   • As an example, uterine cancer is strongly related to family history as well. Uterine cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the uterus (the small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman`s pelvis in which a fetus develops). Two types of uterine cancer are endometrial cancer (cancer that begins in cells lining the uterus) and uterine sarcoma (a rare cancer that begins in muscle or other tissues in the uterus). Family history is a record of the relationships among family members along with their medical histories. This includes current and past illnesses. A family history may show a pattern of certain diseases in a family. Also called family medical history.
   
   

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What is cancer cyanosis?

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What is cancer cyanosis?

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1. cancer cyanosis

   Cyanosis, blue-colored skin caused by too little oxygen in the blood. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • It would appear that, effect of gene Presentation of Lung Cancer No effective screening program difficult to detect early Local symptoms o Cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain, wheezing o SVC syndrome caused by obstruction of blood flow by intraluminal invasion or extraluminal compression by tumor Neck vein distention, chest wall vein distention, facial edema and plethora (excess of any body fluid) Upper thoracic venous collaterals become prominent Systemic symptoms o Constitution. Lung cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining air passages. The two main types are small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These types are diagnosed based on how the cells look under a microscope. Fluid is a substance that flows smoothly and takes the shape of its container. Liquids and gases are fluids. Thoracic, having to do with the chest. Compression is a pressing or squeezing together. In medicine, it can describe a structure, such as a tumor, that presses on another part of the body, such as a nerve. It can also describe the flattening of soft tissue, such as the breast, that occurs during a mammogram (x-ray of the breast). Gene is the functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. Blood is a tissue with red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other substances suspended in fluid called plasma. Blood takes oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and carries away wastes. Chest wall is the muscles, bones, and joints that make up the area of the body between the neck and the abdomen. Edema, swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues. Syndrome is a set of symptoms or conditions that occur together and suggest the presence of a certain disease or an increased chance of developing the disease. Obstruction, blockage of a passageway. Vein is a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from tissues and organs in the body. Tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer). Also called neoplasm. Hemoptysis, coughing or spitting up blood from the respiratory tract. Lung, one of a pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body. Systemic, affecting the entire body. Screening, checking for disease when there are no symptoms. Since screening may find diseases at an early stage, there may be a better chance of curing the disease. Examples of cancer screening tests are the mammogram (breast), colonoscopy (colon), and the Pap test and HPV test (cervix). Screening can also include checking for a person`s risk of developing an inherited disease by doing a genetic test.
   
   
   • One can assume that, pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial edema due to CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) (Congestive heart failure) Clubbing nail bed heaped up pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer Cyanosis 5 gms of unsaturated hemoglobin Peripheral edema may be linked to cor pulmonale. Congestive heart failure, weakness of the heart muscle that leads to a buildup of fluid in body tissues. Hemoglobin is a protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs in the body and carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Testing for the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is usually part of a complete blood cell (CBC) test. It is used to check for conditions such as anemia, dehydration, and malnutrition. CHF is a condition in which the heart has trouble pumping blood through the body. It may develop over a long period of time. Symptoms include shortness of breath, problems exercising, fatigue, and swelling of the feet, ankles, and abdomen. CHF may be caused by coronary artery disease, a heart attack, or high blood pressure. It usually occurs in people aged 65 years or older. Also called chronic heart failure. Fibrosis is the growth of fibrous tissue. Pulmonary, having to do with the lungs.
   
   
   • It would seem to be apparant that, o Non-imprinted areas of X chromosome higher dose effect of gene Presentation of Lung Cancer No effective screening program difficult to detect early Local symptoms o Cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain, wheezing o SVC syndrome caused by obstruction of blood flow by intraluminal invasion or extraluminal compression by tumor Neck. Chromosome, part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes.
   
   

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What is cancer daunorubicin hydrochloride?

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What is cancer daunorubicin hydrochloride?

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1. cancer daunorubicin hydrochloride

   Daunorubicin hydrochloride is a drug used to treat acute leukemias and some other types of cancer. It blocks a certain enzyme needed for cell division and DNA repair, and it may kill cancer cells. Daunorubicin hydrochloride is a type of anthracycline antibiotic and a type of topoisomerase inhibitor. Also called Cerubidine and daunomycin hydrochloride. Daunorubicin is the active ingredient in a drug used to treat acute leukemias and some other types of cancer. It blocks a certain enzyme needed for cell division and DNA repair, and it may kill cancer cells. It is a type of anthracycline antibiotic and a type of topoisomerase inhibitor. Also called daunomycin. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • It looks that, the liposomal daunorubicin formulation places the drug in lipid molecules. This formulation is able to penetrate cancer cells more effectively because of its smaller size, and it remains in the body longer when compared to the daunorubicin hydrochloride formulation. The daunorubicin hydrochloride is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). AML is an aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood. Also called acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and ANLL. Acute, symptoms or signs that begin and worsen quickly; not chronic. Food and Drug Administration is an agency in the U.S. federal government whose mission is to protect public health by making sure that food, cosmetics, and nutritional supplements are safe to use and truthfully labeled. The Food and Drug Administration also makes sure that drugs, medical devices, and equipment are safe and effective, and that blood for transfusions and transplant tissue are safe. Also called FDA. Leukemia, cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream. Lipid, fat. Liposomal is a drug preparation that contains the active drug inside very tiny, fat-like particles. This form is easier for the body to absorb and allows more drug to get to the target area of the body, such as a tumor. Liposomal drugs may have fewer side effects and work better than other forms of the drug. Lymphocytic leukemia is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (white blood cells). Lymphocytic, refers to lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). FDA is an agency in the U.S. federal government whose mission is to protect public health by making sure that food, cosmetics, and nutritional supplements are safe to use and truthfully labeled. The FDA also makes sure that drugs, medical devices, and equipment are safe and effective, and that blood for transfusions and transplant tissue are safe. Also called Food and Drug Administration. Acute lymphocytic leukemia is an aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphoblastic leukemia and ALL. Administration is in medicine, the act of giving a treatment, such as a drug, to a patient. It can also refer to the way it is given, the dose, or how often it is given.
   
   
   • For instance, developmental toxicity -- Daunorubicin Hydrochloride Daunorubicin Hydrochloride (a pharmaceutical drug) is a recognized developmental toxicant and exposure to it has the potential to negatively affect a developing baby. Toxicant is a poison that is made by humans or that is put into the environment by human activities. Many pesticides are toxicants. Toxicity is the extent to which something is poisonous or harmful.
   
   
   • One can conclude that, wrongly Diagnosed with Developmental toxicity -- Daunorubicin Hydrochloride?
   
   

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Cancer - What is prophylaxis radiation-induced oral mucositis

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Cancer - What is prophylaxis radiation-induced oral mucositis

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1. cancer prophylaxis radiation-induced oral mucositis

   Radiation, energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves. Common sources of radiation include radon gas, cosmic rays from outer space, medical x-rays, and energy given off by a radioisotope (unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable). Oral, by or having to do with the mouth. Prophylaxis is an attempt to prevent disease. Mucositis is a complication of some cancer therapies in which the lining of the digestive system becomes inflamed. Often seen as sores in the mouth. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • It`s been discovered that, ulcers may act as a site for local infection and a portal of entry for oral flora that, in some instances, may cause septicemia (especially in immunosuppressed patients). Approximately half of all patients who receive chemotherapy develop such severe oral mucositis that becomes dose-limiting such that the patient`s cancer treatment must be modified, compromising the prognosis. Septicemia, disease caused by the spread of bacteria and their toxins in the bloodstream. Also called blood poisoning and toxemia. Chemotherapy, treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells. Prognosis is the likely outcome or course of a disease; the chance of recovery or recurrence. Infection, invasion and multiplication of germs in the body. Infections can occur in any part of the body and can spread throughout the body. The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, or fungi. They can cause a fever and other problems, depending on where the infection occurs. When the body`s natural defense system is strong, it can often fight the germs and prevent infection. Some cancer treatments can weaken the natural defense system.
   
   
   • It has been found that, mucositis is the painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, usually as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment for cancer.[1] Mucositis can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but oral mucositis refers to the particular inflammation and ulceration that occurs in the mouth. Oral mucositis is a common and often debilitating complication of cancer treatment.[2] Inflammation, redness, swelling, pain, and/or a feeling of heat in an area of the body. This is a protective reaction to injury, disease, or irritation of the tissues. Digestive tract is the organs through which food and liquids pass when they are swallowed, digested, and eliminated. These organs are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum and anus. Ulceration is the formation of a break on the skin or on the surface of an organ. An ulcer forms when the surface cells die and are cast off. Ulcers may be associated with cancer and other diseases. Radiotherapy is the use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy). Systemic radiotherapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body. Also called irradiation and radiation therapy. Complication is in medicine, a medical problem that occurs during a disease, or after a procedure or treatment. The complication may be caused by the disease, procedure, or treatment or may be unrelated to them. Gastrointestinal, refers to the stomach and intestines. Also called GI. GI, refers to the stomach and intestines. Also called gastrointestinal. Adverse effect is an unexpected medical problem that happens during treatment with a drug or other therapy. Adverse effects do not have to be caused by the drug or therapy, and they may be mild, moderate, or severe. Also called adverse event.
   
   
   • For example, oral mucositis is probably the most common, debilitating complication of cancer treatments, particularly chemotherapy and radiation.
   
   

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What is cancer anticoagulant?

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What is cancer anticoagulant?

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1. cancer anticoagulant

   Anticoagulant is a substance that is used to prevent and treat blood clots in blood vessels and the heart. Also called blood thinner. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • As an example, should the treatment of thromboembolic disease be any different for cancer patients than it is for noncancer patients? One concern is that cancer patients who are anticoagulated might have an increased risk of hemorrhage due to tumor, thrombocytopenia, or concurrent coagulation disorders. Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of platelets in the blood. It may result in easy bruising and excessive bleeding from wounds or bleeding in mucous membranes and other tissues. Tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer). Also called neoplasm. Hemorrhage is in medicine, loss of blood from damaged blood vessels. A hemorrhage may be internal or external, and usually involves a lot of bleeding in a short time.
   
   
   • One can view, thromboembolic complications in patients with advanced cancer anticoagulation versus. Advanced cancer, cancer that has spread to other places in the body and usually cannot be cured or controlled with treatment.
   
   
   • It is clear that, recurrent VTE in cancer patients on anticoagulant therapy is not uncommon. Prandoni [29] showed that recurrent VTE in oncology patients was 1.72 times more likely than for patients without cancer. Oncology is the study of cancer. Therapy, treatment.
   
   

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Cancer - What is Oral mucositis infection

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Cancer - What is Oral mucositis infection

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1. cancer oral mucositis infection

   Oral, by or having to do with the mouth. Mucositis is a complication of some cancer therapies in which the lining of the digestive system becomes inflamed. Often seen as sores in the mouth. Infection, invasion and multiplication of germs in the body. Infections can occur in any part of the body and can spread throughout the body. The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, or fungi. They can cause a fever and other problems, depending on where the infection occurs. When the body`s natural defense system is strong, it can often fight the germs and prevent infection. Some cancer treatments can weaken the natural defense system. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • It`s possible to presume that, herpes group viral infections, including those caused by oral lesions, can cause a variety of diseases that range from mild to serious conditions in patients undergoing treatment for cancer.[24] The severity and impact of these lesions and systemic sequelae are directly related to the degree of immunocompromisation of the patient. Comorbid oral conditions such as mucositis or graft-versus-host disease can dramatically increase the severity of oral lesions and significantly increase the difficulty of diagnosis. Diagnosis is the process of identifying a disease, such as cancer, from its signs and symptoms. Viral, having to do with a virus. Graft, healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. Systemic, affecting the entire body. Graft-versus-host disease is a disease caused when cells from a donated stem cell graft attack the normal tissue of the transplant patient. Symptoms include jaundice, skin rash or blisters, a dry mouth, or dry eyes. Also called GVHD.
   
   
   • It could seem to be apparant that, in most instances, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections result from reactivation of latent virus, while cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections can result from either reactivation of a latent virus, or via a newly acquired virus. The viral infections can cause oral mucosal lesions. HSV is a type of virus that causes herpes infections and has DNA as its genetic material. There are two types of HSVs. Infections with type 1 viruses cause cold sores on the lips or nostrils. Infections with type 2 viruses cause sores on the genitals (external and internal sex organs and glands). Also called herpes simplex virus, HHV, and human herpesvirus. Latent, describes a condition that is present but not active or causing symptoms. Epstein-Barr virus is a common virus that remains dormant in most people. It causes infectious mononucleosis and has been associated with certain cancers, including Burkitt lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Also called EBV. Virus is in medicine, a very simple microorganism that infects cells and may cause disease. Because viruses can multiply only inside infected cells, they are not considered to be alive. Herpes simplex virus is a type of virus that causes herpes infections and has DNA as its genetic material. There are two types of herpes simplex viruses. Infections with type 1 viruses cause cold sores on the lips or nostrils. Infections with type 2 viruses cause sores on the genitals (external and internal sex organs and glands). Also called HHV, HSV, and human herpesvirus. Cytomegalovirus is a virus that may be carried in an inactive state for life by healthy individuals. It is a cause of severe pneumonia in people with a suppressed immune system, such as those undergoing bone marrow transplantation or those with leukemia or lymphoma. Also called CMV. CMV is a virus that may be carried in an inactive state for life by healthy individuals. It is a cause of severe pneumonia in people with a suppressed immune system, such as those undergoing bone marrow transplantation or those with leukemia or lymphoma. Also called cytomegalovirus. EBV is a common virus that remains dormant in most people. It causes infectious mononucleosis and has been associated with certain cancers, including Burkitt lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Also called Epstein-Barr virus.
   
   
   • You can conclude that, both indigenous oral flora and hospital-acquired pathogens have been associated with bacteremias and systemic infection. As the absolute neutrophil count falls below 1,000/mm3, incidence and severity of infection rise.[6] Patients with prolonged neutropenia are at higher risk of developing serious infectious complications.[7,8] Compromised salivary function can elevate risk of infection of oral origin. Neutropenia is a condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell). Absolute neutrophil count is a measure of the number of neutrophils in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help the body fight infection. An absolute neutrophil count may be used to check for infection, inflammation, leukemia, and other conditions. Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, may reduce the absolute neutrophil count. Also called ANC. Neutrophil is a type of immune cell that is one of the first cell types to travel to the site of an infection. Neutrophils help fight infection by ingesting microorganisms and releasing enzymes that kill the microorganisms. A neutrophil is a type of white blood cell, a type of granulocyte, and a type of phagocyte. Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease diagnosed each year.
   
   

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What is cancer multicenter study?

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What is cancer multicenter study?

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1. cancer multicenter study

   Multicenter study is a clinical trial that is carried out at more than one medical institution. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • One can deduce that, in 2003, researchers working on the International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Study compared 1670 patients who had oral cancer (both oral cavity and orophayngeal sites) with 1732 healthy volunteers from nine countries (J Natl Cancer Inst. Oral, by or having to do with the mouth. Oral cavity, refers to the mouth. It includes the lips, the lining inside the cheeks and lips, the front two thirds of the tongue, the upper and lower gums, the floor of the mouth under the tongue, the bony roof of the mouth, and the small area behind the wisdom teeth. Cavity is a hollow area or hole. It may describe a body cavity (such as the space within the abdomen) or a hole in a tooth caused by decay. Oral cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the oral cavity (the mouth) or the oropharynx (the part of the throat at the back of the mouth).
   
   
   • One can view, ...(2003) Human Papillomavirus and Oral Cancer The International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Study J. Human papillomavirus is a type of virus that can cause abnormal tissue growth (for example, warts) and other changes to cells. Infection for a long time with certain types of human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus may also play a role in some other types of cancer, such as anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, oropharyngeal, and squamous cell skin cancers. Also called HPV.
   
   
   • Finally, for example, agency for Research on Cancer multicenter study.
   
   

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What is cancer endometrial disorder?

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What is cancer endometrial disorder?

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1. cancer endometrial disorder

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what are the symtons of cancer of the penis

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what are the symtons of cancer of the penis

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1. penis cancer

   Penis is an external male reproductive organ. It contains a tube called the urethra, which carries semen and urine to the outside of the body. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • Apparently, one possible explanation of the previously reported strong association between syphilis and the risk of penis cancer is that early penis cancer in some patients may have been misdiagnosed and initially treated as syphilis, and that some of these incorrect syphilis diagnoses may have persisted even after diagnosis of penis cancer. Diagnosis is the process of identifying a disease, such as cancer, from its signs and symptoms.
   
   
   • It really is obvious that, falling incidence of penis cancer in an uncircumcised population (Denmark 19431990). Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease diagnosed each year.
   
   
   • One can presume that, penis cancer Is there an epidemiological role for smoking and sexual behavior.
   
   


2. symtons

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What is cancer nilutamide?

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What is cancer nilutamide?

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1. cancer nilutamide

   Nilutamide is a drug that blocks the effects of male hormones in the body. It is a type of antiandrogen. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

   
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   • It is obvious that, men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer not amenable to curative surgery or radiation therapy were eligible for the study if they had radiographic or PSA progression on at least one antiandrogen (not nilutamide) despite continued androgen suppression and standard antiandrogen withdrawal periods. All men received nilutamide 150mg/day orally for ? Curative surgery is an operation to remove cancerous tissue. Part or all of the organ or tissue in which the cancer started and a small amount of healthy tissue around the cancer is removed. Nearby lymph nodes may also be removed. Curative surgery may be used as primary therapy for localized cancer and is often followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any cancer cells that remain. Radiation, energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves. Common sources of radiation include radon gas, cosmic rays from outer space, medical x-rays, and energy given off by a radioisotope (unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable). Progression is in medicine, the course of a disease, such as cancer, as it becomes worse or spreads in the body. PSA is a protein made by the prostate gland and found in the blood. PSA blood levels may be higher than normal in men who have prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or infection or inflammation of the prostate gland. Also called prostate-specific antigen. Surgery is a procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present. An operation. Androgen suppression, treatment to suppress or block the production or action of male hormones. This is done by having the testicles removed, by taking female sex hormones, or by taking drugs called antiandrogens. Also called androgen ablation and androgen deprivation. Antiandrogen is a substance that prevents cells from making or using androgens (hormones that play a role in the formation of male sex characteristics). Antiandrogens may stop some cancer cells from growing. Some antiandrogens are used to treat prostate cancer, and others are being studied for this use. An antiandrogen is a type of hormone antagonist. Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen. Prostate cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men. Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body. Also called irradiation and radiotherapy. Therapy, treatment.
   
   
   • It`s that, keywords: antiandrogen; prostate cancer; nilutamide; bicalutamide; response OBJECTIVE To determine the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and time to PSA or radiographic progression in men with prostate cancer refractory to bicalutamide and/or flutamide therapy. PATIENTS AND (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (formerly American Dietetic Association (ADA))) METHODS Men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer not amenable to curative surgery or radiation therapy were eligible for the study if they had radiographic or PSA progression on at least one antiandrogen (not nilutamide) despite continued androgen suppression and standard antiandrogen withdrawal periods. Prostate-specific antigen is a protein made by the prostate gland and found in the blood. Prostate-specific antigen blood levels may be higher than normal in men who have prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or infection or inflammation of the prostate gland. Also called PSA. Response is in medicine, an improvement related to treatment. Flutamide is an anticancer drug that is a type of antiandrogen. Refractory is in medicine, describes a disease or condition that does not respond to treatment. Bicalutamide is an anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antiandrogens. Antigen, any substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response.
   
   
   • You can determine, therefore, it seems reasonable to deprive advanced prostate cancers of most of their supply of male hormones by castration, and to use antiandrogens to block the effect of the small amounts that continue to be made available by the adrenal glands. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, 203 patients with advanced prostate cancer were treated surgically and randomly assigned to receive either placebo or nilutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen. The patients treated with castration and nilutamide achieved a greater proportion of successful responses to therapy, 46 versus 20 percent. Castration, removal or destruction of the testicles or ovaries using radiation, surgery, or drugs. Medical castration refers to the use of drugs to suppress the function of the ovaries or testicles. Placebo is an inactive substance or treatment that looks the same as, and is given the same way as, an active drug or treatment being tested. The effects of the active drug or treatment are compared to the effects of the placebo.
   
   

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