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What is cancer extracorporeal photopheresis?
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- cancer extracorporeal photopheresis
Photopheresis is a procedure in which blood is removed from the body and treated with ultraviolet light and drugs that become active when exposed to light. The blood is then returned to the body. It is being studied in the treatment of some blood and bone marrow diseases and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Also called extracorporeal photopheresis. Extracorporeal photopheresis is a procedure in which blood is removed from the body and treated with ultraviolet light and drugs that become active when exposed to light. The blood is then returned to the body. It is being studied in the treatment of some blood and bone marrow diseases and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Also called photopheresis. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.
Preview- It would seem to be apparant that, laparoscopic gastrectomy for cancer Autologous pancreatic islet cell transplantation for improved glycaemic control after pancreatectomy Functional electrical stimulation for drop foot of central neurological origin Sacrocolpopexy using mesh for vaginal vault prolapse repair Intra-ocular lens insertion for correction of refractive error, with preservation of the natural lens Laparoscopic cystectomy Implantation of an opaque intra-ocular lens for intractable double vision Percutaneous (non-thoracoscopic) epicardial catheter radiofrequency ablation for ventricular tachycardia Brachytherapy as the sole method of adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer after local excision Electrically-stimulated intravesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer Extracorporeal photopheresis for Crohn`s disease Photodynamic therapy for brain tumours Direct skeletal fixation of limb or digit prostheses using intra-osseous transcutaneous implants Implantation of miniature lens systems for advanced age-related macular degeneration Laparoscopic prostatectomy for benign prostatic obstruction Transabdominal artificial bowel sphincter implantation for faecal incontinence Autologous blood injection for tendinopathy Infracoccygeal sacropexy using mesh for uterine prolapse repair Infracoccygeal sacropexy using mesh for vaginal vault prolapse repair Insertion of mesh uterine suspension sling (including sacrohysteropexy) for uterine prolapse repair Sacrocolpopexy with hysterectomy using mesh for uterine prolapse repair Deep dermal injection of non-absorbable gel polymer for HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)-related facial lipo-atrophy Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease Percutaneous (non-thoracoscopic) epicardial catheter radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation Combined bony and soft tissue reconstruction for hip joint stabilisation in proximal focal femoral deficiency (PFFD) Ablation is in medicine, the removal or destruction of a body part or tissue or its function. Ablation may be performed by surgery, hormones, drugs, radiofrequency, heat, or other methods. Cystectomy, surgery to remove all or part of the bladder (the organ that holds urine) or to remove a cyst (a sac or capsule in the body). Photodynamic therapy, treatment with drugs that become active when exposed to light. These activated drugs may kill cancer cells. Transplantation is a surgical procedure in which tissue or an organ is transferred from one area of a person`s body to another area, or from one person (the donor) to another person (the recipient). Proximal is in medicine, refers to a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part. For example, the knee is proximal to the toes. The opposite is distal. Islet cell is a pancreatic cell that produces hormones (e.g., insulin and glucagon) that are secreted into the bloodstream. These hormones help control the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Also called endocrine pancreas cell and islet of Langerhans cell. Bowel is the long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. The bowel has two parts, the small bowel and the large bowel. Also called intestine. Tachycardia, rapid beating of the heart, usually defined as greater than 100 beats per minute. Laparoscopic prostatectomy, surgery to remove all or part of the prostate with the aid of a laparoscope. A laparoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue to be checked under a microscope for signs of disease. Bladder is the organ that stores urine. Autologous, taken from an individual`s own tissues, cells, or DNA. Joint is in medicine, the place where two or more bones are connected. Examples include the shoulder, elbow, knee, and jaw. Polymer is a molecule made up of small identical molecules called monomers. The monomers are joined together in a repeating pattern. Sphincter is a ring-shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to open or close a passage or opening in the body. Examples are the anal sphincter (around the opening of the anus) and the pyloric sphincter (at the lower opening of the stomach). Cell is the individual unit that makes up the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. Radiofrequency ablation is a procedure that uses radio waves to heat and destroy abnormal cells. The radio waves travel through electrodes (small devices that carry electricity). Radiofrequency ablation may be used to treat cancer and other conditions. Blood is a tissue with red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other substances suspended in fluid called plasma. Blood takes oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and carries away wastes. Lens is a clear disk that focuses light, as in a camera or microscope. In the eye, the lens is a clear, curved structure at the front of the eye behind the pupil. It focuses light rays that enter the eye through the pupil, making an image on the retina (light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye). Chemotherapy, treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells. Breast, glandular organ located on the chest. The breast is made up of connective tissue, fat, and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called mammary gland. Breast cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare. Deficiency is in medicine, a shortage of a substance (such as a vitamin or mineral) needed by the body. Excision, removal by surgery. HIV is the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Also called human immunodeficiency virus. Catheter is a flexible tube used to deliver fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. Bladder cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the bladder (the organ that stores urine). Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder). Other types include squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids). The cells that form squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma develop in the inner lining of the bladder as a result of chronic irritation and inflammation. Obstruction, blockage of a passageway. Focal is in terms of cancer, limited to a specific area. Vaginal, having to do with the vagina (the birth canal). Hysterectomy, surgery to remove the uterus and, sometimes, the cervix. When the uterus and the cervix are removed, it is called a total hysterectomy. When only the uterus is removed, it is called a partial hysterectomy. Tissue is a group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Intravesical, within the bladder. Radiotherapy is the use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy). Systemic radiotherapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body. Also called irradiation and radiation therapy. Incontinence, inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder (urinary incontinence) or the escape of stool from the rectum (fecal incontinence). Benign, not cancerous. Benign tumors may grow larger but do not spread to other parts of the body. Also called nonmalignant. Soft tissue, refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. Percutaneous, passing through the skin, as an injection or a topical medicine. Prostatectomy, surgery to remove part or all of the prostate and some of the tissue around it. Nearby lymph nodes may also be removed. It may be done through an open prostatectomy, in which an incision (cut) is made in the wall of the lower abdomen or the perineum, or by using a laparoscope (a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and lens for viewing). Pancreatectomy, surgery to remove all or part of the pancreas. In a total pancreatectomy, part of the stomach, part of the small intestine, the common bile duct, gallbladder, spleen, and nearby lymph nodes also are removed. Age-related macular degeneration is a condition in which there is a slow breakdown of cells in the center of the retina (the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye). This blocks vision in the center of the eye and can cause problems with activities such as reading and driving. Age-related macular degeneration is most often seen in people who are over the age of 50. Also called AMD, ARMD, and macular degeneration. Macular degeneration is a condition in which there is a slow breakdown of cells in the center of the retina (the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye). This blocks vision in the center of the eye and can cause problems with activities such as reading and driving. Macular degeneration is most often seen in people who are over the age of 50. Also called age-related macular degeneration, AMD, and ARMD. Brachytherapy is a type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near a tumor. Also called implant radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy, and radiation brachytherapy. Injection, use of a syringe and needle to push fluids or drugs into the body; often called a shot. Reflux is the backward flow of liquid from the stomach into the esophagus. Skeletal, having to do with the skeleton (bones of the body). Superficial, affecting cells on the surface. Not invasive. Gastrectomy is an operation to remove all or part of the stomach. Pancreatic, having to do with the pancreas.
- One can deduce that, based on the published papers and on specialist advice, it was recommended that endoscopic resection for breast cancer should only be used in the context of research. It should be done only in units which specialise in the management of breast cancer, by surgeons trained in both breast cancer surgery and endoscopy. Research should include clear descriptions of tumour size and location, and breast size. Specialist is in medicine, a doctor or other health care professional who is trained and licensed in a special area of practice. Examples of medical specialists include oncologists (cancer specialists) and hematologists (blood specialists). Surgery is a procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present. An operation. Resection, surgery to remove tissue or part or all of an organ. Endoscopy is a procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the inside of the body. An endoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue to be checked under a microscope for signs of disease.
- For example, it was specifically noted that much of the published work was from Asian countries, where the size of women`s breasts tends to be smaller than in the UK. Based on the published papers and on specialist advice, it was recommended that endoscopic resection for breast cancer should only be used in the context of research. It should be done only in units which specialise in the management of breast cancer, by surgeons trained in both breast cancer surgery and endoscopy.
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