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What is cancer androgen ablation?
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- cancer
Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.
Preview- Evidently, the most recent EBCTCG Overview, carried out in September 20052006, included updated information on 12,000 women under age 50 in 16 trials of ovarian ablation/suppression vs no treatment of this sort. There were more women and more breast cancer deaths in trials of ovarian ablation in the presence of chemotherapy (more than 3,300 recurrences and more than 2,800 deaths) than in trials of ovarian ablation in the absence of chemotherapy (about 1,000 recurrences and 900 breast cancer deaths) (personal communication, R. Ablation is in medicine, the removal or destruction of a body part or tissue or its function. Ablation may be performed by surgery, hormones, drugs, radiofrequency, heat, or other methods. Ovarian ablation, surgery, radiation therapy, or a drug treatment to stop the functioning of the ovaries. Also called ovarian suppression. Chemotherapy, treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells. Breast, glandular organ located on the chest. The breast is made up of connective tissue, fat, and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called mammary gland. Breast cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare. Ovarian, having to do with the ovaries, the female reproductive glands in which the ova (eggs) are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus.
- One can notice, also, in contrast to extirpative procedures (procedures that cut out cancer such as laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy or radical nephrectomy) in which the cancer is cut out, patients who undergo ablation have less risk of some complications such as bleeding and urine leakage. Clearly, any time the kidney undergoes surgery, there is a chance of bleeding. Nephrectomy, surgery to remove a kidney or part of a kidney. In a partial nephrectomy, part of one kidney or a tumor is removed, but not an entire kidney. In a simple nephrectomy, one kidney is removed. In a radical nephrectomy, an entire kidney, nearby adrenal gland and lymph nodes, and other surrounding tissue are removed. In a bilateral nephrectomy, both kidneys are removed. Urine, fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. Surgery is a procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present. An operation. Partial nephrectomy, surgery to remove part of one kidney or a kidney tumor, but not an entire kidney. Radical nephrectomy, surgery to remove an entire kidney, nearby adrenal gland and lymph nodes, and other surrounding tissue. Kidney, one of a pair of organs in the abdomen. The kidneys remove waste and extra water from the blood (as urine) and help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) balanced in the body. The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure and stimulate bone marrow to make red blood cells.
- One can recognize, ceramide is a lipid second messenger that has been shown to mediate growth arrest or cell death when added exogenously to prostate cancer cells. As a first step toward understanding the events that lead to the transition of prostate cancer cells to an androgen-independent state, we considered investigating the effect of androgen ablation on endogenous ceramide levels in androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells. METHODS: To investigate the mechanisms of growth arrest/apoptosis in androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and insensitive (DU-145, PC-3) cells, we used various methods including nonyl acridine orange (NAO) staining, propidium iodide (PI) staining/cell-cycle analysis, lipid analysis, and Western blotting assays. Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen. Ceramide is a type of lipid (fat) found in the membranes of cells and the covers of nerves. Some ceramides are important in signal transduction (the process by which a cell responds to substances in its environment) and may cause some types of cells to die. Ceramides are being studied in the treatment of cancer. Lipid, fat. Prostate cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men. Cell is the individual unit that makes up the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. Androgen-independent, describes the ability of tumor cells to grow in the absence of androgens (hormones that promote the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics). Many early prostate cancers require androgens for growth, but advanced prostate cancers are often androgen-independent. Androgen is a type of hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. Apoptosis is a type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell lead to its death. This is one method the body uses to get rid of unneeded or abnormal cells. The process of apoptosis may be blocked in cancer cells. Also called programmed cell death. Endogenous, produced inside an organism or cell. The opposite is external (exogenous) production. Analysis is a process in which anything complex is separated into simple or less complex parts. Androgen ablation, treatment to suppress or block the production or action of male hormones. This is done by having the testicles removed, by taking female sex hormones, or by taking drugs called antiandrogens. Also called androgen deprivation and androgen suppression.
- ablation
Ablation is in medicine, the removal or destruction of a body part or tissue or its function. Ablation may be performed by surgery, hormones, drugs, radiofrequency, heat, or other methods.
Preview- It would appear that, also, in contrast to extirpative procedures (procedures that cut out cancer such as laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy or radical nephrectomy) in which the cancer is cut out, patients who undergo ablation have less risk of some complications such as bleeding and urine leakage. Clearly, any time the kidney undergoes surgery, there is a chance of bleeding. Nephrectomy, surgery to remove a kidney or part of a kidney. In a partial nephrectomy, part of one kidney or a tumor is removed, but not an entire kidney. In a simple nephrectomy, one kidney is removed. In a radical nephrectomy, an entire kidney, nearby adrenal gland and lymph nodes, and other surrounding tissue are removed. In a bilateral nephrectomy, both kidneys are removed. Urine, fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. Surgery is a procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present. An operation. Partial nephrectomy, surgery to remove part of one kidney or a kidney tumor, but not an entire kidney. Radical nephrectomy, surgery to remove an entire kidney, nearby adrenal gland and lymph nodes, and other surrounding tissue. Kidney, one of a pair of organs in the abdomen. The kidneys remove waste and extra water from the blood (as urine) and help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) balanced in the body. The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure and stimulate bone marrow to make red blood cells.
- It might seem apparant that, the most recent EBCTCG Overview, carried out in September 20052006, included updated information on 12,000 women under age 50 in 16 trials of ovarian ablation/suppression vs no treatment of this sort. There were more women and more breast cancer deaths in trials of ovarian ablation in the presence of chemotherapy (more than 3,300 recurrences and more than 2,800 deaths) than in trials of ovarian ablation in the absence of chemotherapy (about 1,000 recurrences and 900 breast cancer deaths) (personal communication, R. Ovarian ablation, surgery, radiation therapy, or a drug treatment to stop the functioning of the ovaries. Also called ovarian suppression. Chemotherapy, treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells. Breast, glandular organ located on the chest. The breast is made up of connective tissue, fat, and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called mammary gland. Breast cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare. Ovarian, having to do with the ovaries, the female reproductive glands in which the ova (eggs) are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus.
- It could seem apparant that, ceramide is a lipid second messenger that has been shown to mediate growth arrest or cell death when added exogenously to prostate cancer cells. As a first step toward understanding the events that lead to the transition of prostate cancer cells to an androgen-independent state, we considered investigating the effect of androgen ablation on endogenous ceramide levels in androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells. METHODS: To investigate the mechanisms of growth arrest/apoptosis in androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and insensitive (DU-145, PC-3) cells, we used various methods including nonyl acridine orange (NAO) staining, propidium iodide (PI) staining/cell-cycle analysis, lipid analysis, and Western blotting assays. Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen. Ceramide is a type of lipid (fat) found in the membranes of cells and the covers of nerves. Some ceramides are important in signal transduction (the process by which a cell responds to substances in its environment) and may cause some types of cells to die. Ceramides are being studied in the treatment of cancer. Lipid, fat. Prostate cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men. Cell is the individual unit that makes up the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. Androgen-independent, describes the ability of tumor cells to grow in the absence of androgens (hormones that promote the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics). Many early prostate cancers require androgens for growth, but advanced prostate cancers are often androgen-independent. Androgen is a type of hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. Apoptosis is a type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell lead to its death. This is one method the body uses to get rid of unneeded or abnormal cells. The process of apoptosis may be blocked in cancer cells. Also called programmed cell death. Endogenous, produced inside an organism or cell. The opposite is external (exogenous) production. Analysis is a process in which anything complex is separated into simple or less complex parts. Androgen ablation, treatment to suppress or block the production or action of male hormones. This is done by having the testicles removed, by taking female sex hormones, or by taking drugs called antiandrogens. Also called androgen deprivation and androgen suppression.
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