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Cancer - What is face severe thrombocytopenia
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- cancer face severe thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of platelets in the blood. It may result in easy bruising and excessive bleeding from wounds or bleeding in mucous membranes and other tissues. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.
Preview- It`s obvious that, the biochemical markers at the time of the initial assessment of the patient were helpful in the further evaluation. High ADA (American Dental Association) (American Dietetic Association) levels in lymphocytic exudates (above 40 IU/L) are usually related with tuberculous pleural effusions.1 The combination of high ADA (American Dental Association) (American Dietetic Association) and IFN- values in the pleural fluid can lead to the diagnosis of tuberculosis with a great sensitivity and specificity.2 However, in the case of our patient, the IFN- levels on the pleural fluid were low, thus the diagnosis of tuberculosis was unlikely.2 Additionally, increased ADA (American Dental Association) (American Dietetic Association) values can be found in pleural effusions caused by hematologic malignancies and more rarely by other malignancies.1,2,12 Finally, the high VEGF levels were indicative of the malignant etiology of the effusion.3 An interesting aspect in the evaluation of this patient was that these three markers (ADA (American Dental Association) (American Dietetic Association), IFN- and VEGF) in association with the presence of autoimmune thrombocytopenia were suggestive of a lymphocytic malignancy as the cause of the patient`s pleural effusion, even at a time when the histopathological confirmation was not possible probably due to the use of corticosteroids. Etiology is the cause or origin of disease. Diagnosis is the process of identifying a disease, such as cancer, from its signs and symptoms. Fluid is a substance that flows smoothly and takes the shape of its container. Liquids and gases are fluids. VEGF is a substance made by cells that stimulates new blood vessel formation. Also called vascular endothelial growth factor. Sensitivity, when referring to a medical test, sensitivity refers to the percentage of people who test positive for a specific disease among a group of people who have the disease. No test has 100% sensitivity because some people who have the disease will test negative for it (false negatives). Specificity, when referring to a medical test, specificity refers to the percentage of people who test negative for a specific disease among a group of people who do not have the disease. No test is 100% specific because some people who do not have the disease will test positive for it (false positive). IU is a unit used to measure the activity of many vitamins, hormones, enzymes, and drugs. An IU is the amount of a substance that has a certain biological effect. For each substance there is an international agreement on the biological effect that is expected for 1 IU. Also called International Unit. Malignancy is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Malignant cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of malignancy. Carcinoma is a malignancy that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a malignancy that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a malignancy that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are malignancies that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are malignancies that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called cancer. Malignant, cancerous. Malignant cells can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a specific type of bacteria that spreads from one person to another through the air. Tuberculosis can affect many parts of the body, but most often affects the lungs. A person may not have symptoms of tuberculosis for years, but they may
appear when the patient becomes ill with a serious condition like diabetes, AIDS, or cancer. Tuberculosis can usually be treated and cured with antibiotics. Also called TB. Lymphocytic, refers to lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). Assessment is in healthcare, a process used to learn about a patient`s condition. This may include a complete medical history, medical tests, a physical exam, a test of learning skills, tests to find out if the patient is able to carry out the tasks of daily living, a mental health evaluation, and a review of social support and community resources available to the patient.
It`s that, keywords: Pleural effusion, thrombocytopenia, mantle cell lymphoma Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive (fast-growing) type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that usually occurs in middle-aged or older adults. It is marked by small- to medium-size cancer cells that may be in the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, blood, and gastrointestinal system. Cell is the individual unit that makes up the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. Lymphoma, cancer that begins in cells of the immune system. There are two basic categories of lymphomas. One kind is Hodgkin lymphoma, which is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. The other category is non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which includes a large, diverse group of cancers of immune system cells. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be further divided into cancers that have an indolent (slow-growing) course and those that have an aggressive (fast-growing) course. These subtypes behave and respond to treatment differently. Both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas can occur in children and adults, and prognosis and treatment depend on the stage and the type of cancer.
It could seem apparant that, pleural effusions appear in approximately 20% of patients with non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), being in their majority lymphocytic exudates.4 The amount of fluid accumulated in lymphomas may vary and cause from little to severe respiratory symptoms. Malignant cells in pleural samples may be so spared that even experienced cytologists are unable to render a definite diagnosis. NHL, any of a large group of cancers of lymphocytes (white blood cells). NHLs can occur at any age and are often marked by lymph nodes that are larger than normal, fever, and weight loss. There are many different types of NHL. These types can be divided into aggressive (fast-growing) and indolent (slow-growing) types, and they can be formed from either B-cells or T-cells. B-cell NHLs include Burkitt lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, immunoblastic large cell lymphoma, precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. T-cell NHLs include mycosis fungoides, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Lymphomas that occur after bone marrow or stem cell transplantation are usually B-cell NHLs. Prognosis and treatment depend on the stage and type of disease. Also called non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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