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What is cancer DTH?
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- cancer dth
Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.
Preview- It seems to be, early phase, second generation trials tested autologous GM-CSF-secreting vaccines modified by adenoviral transduction, and enrolled patients with metastatic melanoma or early-stage/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One trial of autologous GM-CSF-secreting melanoma cells in 26 evaluable patients with metastatic melanoma demonstrated DTH 1 cm in 68% of patients, as well as 1 complete, 1 partial, and 1 mixed response, and 5 cases of stable disease (Soiffer et al., 2003). In two studies conducted in patients with metastatic NSCLC, DTH 1 cm developed in 82% of vaccinated patients in one study, and DTH 1 cm increased from 13% of patients at pre-vaccination to 34% of patients at post-vaccination in the other (Salgia et al., 2003; Nemunaitis et al., 2006). Evaluable patients, patients whose response to a treatment can be measured because enough information has been collected. Lung cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining air passages. The two main types are small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These types are diagnosed based on how the cells look under a microscope. Metastatic, having to do with metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from the primary site (place where it started) to other places in the body. Vaccinated, treated with a vaccine. Stage is the extent of a cancer in the body. Staging is usually based on the size of the tumor, whether lymph nodes contain cancer, and whether the cancer has spread from the original site to other parts of the body. Vaccination, treatment with a vaccine. Response is in medicine, an improvement related to treatment. CSF is the fluid that flows in and around the hollow spaces of the brain and spinal cord, and between two of the meninges (the thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord). CSF is made by tissue called the choroid plexus in the ventricles (hollow spaces) in the brain. Also called cerebrospinal fluid. Stable disease, cancer that is neither decreasing nor increasing in extent or severity. Autologous, taken from an individual`s own tissues, cells, or DNA. Non-small cell lung cancer is a group of lung cancers that are named for the kinds of cells found in the cancer and how the cells look under a microscope. The three main types of non-small cell lung cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common kind of lung cancer. Cell is the individual unit that makes up the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. Melanoma is a form of cancer that begins in melanocytes (cells that make the pigment melanin). It may begin in a mole (skin melanoma), but can also begin in other pigmented tissues, such as in the eye or in the intestines. Small cell lung cancer is an aggressive (fast-growing) cancer that forms in tissues of the lung and can spread to other parts of the body. The cancer cells look small and oval-shaped when looked at under a microscope. Lung, one of a pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body. GM-CSF
is a substance that helps make more white blood cells, especially granulocytes, macrophages, and cells that become platelets. It is a cytokine that is a type of hematopoietic (blood-forming) agent. Also called granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and sargramostim.
It might seem apparant that, in both studies, DTH responses of 1 cm were observed in 100% of vaccinated patients (Soiffer et al., 1998; Luiten et al., 2005). Another trial in metastatic prostate cancer patients demonstrated DTH of 1 cm in 5 of 6 vaccinated patients (Simons et al., 1999). Together, these three clinical trials showed that this type of vaccine is biologically active, and that the vaccination sites themselves were typically infiltrated by DCs, macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, and T cells. Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen. Clinical, having to do with the examination and treatment of patients. Prostate cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men.
It looks that, although GM-CSF-secreting tumor cell vaccines hold promise for new ways that cancers can be targeted and destroyed by using the power intrinsic to the host immune system, clinical trial results to date have only hinted at meaningful clinical activity. Strategically integrating these vaccines with conventional cancer drugs and novel immune modulators to break down patients immune tolerance to tumor antigens will bring GM-CSF-secreting cancer vaccines to the forefront of cancer therapy. Immune system is the complex group of organs and cells that defends the body against infections and other diseases. Tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer). Also called neoplasm. Therapy, treatment.
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