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    What is cancer daunorubicin hydrochloride?

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    What is cancer daunorubicin hydrochloride?

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    1. cancer daunorubicin hydrochloride

      Daunorubicin hydrochloride is a drug used to treat acute leukemias and some other types of cancer. It blocks a certain enzyme needed for cell division and DNA repair, and it may kill cancer cells. Daunorubicin hydrochloride is a type of anthracycline antibiotic and a type of topoisomerase inhibitor. Also called Cerubidine and daunomycin hydrochloride. Daunorubicin is the active ingredient in a drug used to treat acute leukemias and some other types of cancer. It blocks a certain enzyme needed for cell division and DNA repair, and it may kill cancer cells. It is a type of anthracycline antibiotic and a type of topoisomerase inhibitor. Also called daunomycin. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.


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      • It looks that, the liposomal daunorubicin formulation places the drug in lipid molecules. This formulation is able to penetrate cancer cells more effectively because of its smaller size, and it remains in the body longer when compared to the daunorubicin hydrochloride formulation. The daunorubicin hydrochloride is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). AML is an aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood. Also called acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and ANLL. Acute, symptoms or signs that begin and worsen quickly; not chronic. Food and Drug Administration is an agency in the U.S. federal government whose mission is to protect public health by making sure that food, cosmetics, and nutritional supplements are safe to use and truthfully labeled. The Food and Drug Administration also makes sure that drugs, medical devices, and equipment are safe and effective, and that blood for transfusions and transplant tissue are safe. Also called FDA. Leukemia, cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream. Lipid, fat. Liposomal is a drug preparation that contains the active drug inside very tiny, fat-like particles. This form is easier for the body to absorb and allows more drug to get to the target area of the body, such as a tumor. Liposomal drugs may have fewer side effects and work better than other forms of the drug. Lymphocytic leukemia is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (white blood cells). Lymphocytic, refers to lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). FDA is an agency in the U.S. federal government whose mission is to protect public health by making sure that food, cosmetics, and nutritional supplements are safe to use and truthfully labeled. The FDA also makes sure that drugs, medical devices, and equipment are safe and effective, and that blood for transfusions and transplant tissue are safe. Also called Food and Drug Administration. Acute lymphocytic leukemia is an aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphoblastic leukemia and ALL. Administration is in medicine, the act of giving a treatment, such as a drug, to a patient. It can also refer to the way it is given, the dose, or how often it is given.

      • For instance, developmental toxicity -- Daunorubicin Hydrochloride Daunorubicin Hydrochloride (a pharmaceutical drug) is a recognized developmental toxicant and exposure to it has the potential to negatively affect a developing baby. Toxicant is a poison that is made by humans or that is put into the environment by human activities. Many pesticides are toxicants. Toxicity is the extent to which something is poisonous or harmful.

      • One can conclude that, wrongly Diagnosed with Developmental toxicity -- Daunorubicin Hydrochloride?


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    Cancer - What is prophylaxis radiation-induced oral mucositis

    Posted by Unknown Posted on 7:58 AM with No comments

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    Cancer - What is prophylaxis radiation-induced oral mucositis

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    1. cancer prophylaxis radiation-induced oral mucositis

      Radiation, energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves. Common sources of radiation include radon gas, cosmic rays from outer space, medical x-rays, and energy given off by a radioisotope (unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable). Oral, by or having to do with the mouth. Prophylaxis is an attempt to prevent disease. Mucositis is a complication of some cancer therapies in which the lining of the digestive system becomes inflamed. Often seen as sores in the mouth. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.


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      • It`s been discovered that, ulcers may act as a site for local infection and a portal of entry for oral flora that, in some instances, may cause septicemia (especially in immunosuppressed patients). Approximately half of all patients who receive chemotherapy develop such severe oral mucositis that becomes dose-limiting such that the patient`s cancer treatment must be modified, compromising the prognosis. Septicemia, disease caused by the spread of bacteria and their toxins in the bloodstream. Also called blood poisoning and toxemia. Chemotherapy, treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells. Prognosis is the likely outcome or course of a disease; the chance of recovery or recurrence. Infection, invasion and multiplication of germs in the body. Infections can occur in any part of the body and can spread throughout the body. The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, or fungi. They can cause a fever and other problems, depending on where the infection occurs. When the body`s natural defense system is strong, it can often fight the germs and prevent infection. Some cancer treatments can weaken the natural defense system.

      • It has been found that, mucositis is the painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, usually as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment for cancer.[1] Mucositis can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but oral mucositis refers to the particular inflammation and ulceration that occurs in the mouth. Oral mucositis is a common and often debilitating complication of cancer treatment.[2] Inflammation, redness, swelling, pain, and/or a feeling of heat in an area of the body. This is a protective reaction to injury, disease, or irritation of the tissues. Digestive tract is the organs through which food and liquids pass when they are swallowed, digested, and eliminated. These organs are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum and anus. Ulceration is the formation of a break on the skin or on the surface of an organ. An ulcer forms when the surface cells die and are cast off. Ulcers may be associated with cancer and other diseases. Radiotherapy is the use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy). Systemic radiotherapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body. Also called irradiation and radiation therapy. Complication is in medicine, a medical problem that occurs during a disease, or after a procedure or treatment. The complication may be caused by the disease, procedure, or treatment or may be unrelated to them. Gastrointestinal, refers to the stomach and intestines. Also called GI. GI, refers to the stomach and intestines. Also called gastrointestinal. Adverse effect is an unexpected medical problem that happens during treatment with a drug or other therapy. Adverse effects do not have to be caused by the drug or therapy, and they may be mild, moderate, or severe. Also called adverse event.

      • For example, oral mucositis is probably the most common, debilitating complication of cancer treatments, particularly chemotherapy and radiation.


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    What is cancer anticoagulant?

    Posted by Unknown Posted on 7:18 AM with No comments

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    What is cancer anticoagulant?

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    1. cancer anticoagulant

      Anticoagulant is a substance that is used to prevent and treat blood clots in blood vessels and the heart. Also called blood thinner. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.


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      • As an example, should the treatment of thromboembolic disease be any different for cancer patients than it is for noncancer patients? One concern is that cancer patients who are anticoagulated might have an increased risk of hemorrhage due to tumor, thrombocytopenia, or concurrent coagulation disorders. Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of platelets in the blood. It may result in easy bruising and excessive bleeding from wounds or bleeding in mucous membranes and other tissues. Tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer). Also called neoplasm. Hemorrhage is in medicine, loss of blood from damaged blood vessels. A hemorrhage may be internal or external, and usually involves a lot of bleeding in a short time.

      • One can view, thromboembolic complications in patients with advanced cancer anticoagulation versus. Advanced cancer, cancer that has spread to other places in the body and usually cannot be cured or controlled with treatment.

      • It is clear that, recurrent VTE in cancer patients on anticoagulant therapy is not uncommon. Prandoni [29] showed that recurrent VTE in oncology patients was 1.72 times more likely than for patients without cancer. Oncology is the study of cancer. Therapy, treatment.


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    Cancer - What is Oral mucositis infection

    Posted by Unknown Posted on 6:32 AM with No comments

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    Cancer - What is Oral mucositis infection

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    1. cancer oral mucositis infection

      Oral, by or having to do with the mouth. Mucositis is a complication of some cancer therapies in which the lining of the digestive system becomes inflamed. Often seen as sores in the mouth. Infection, invasion and multiplication of germs in the body. Infections can occur in any part of the body and can spread throughout the body. The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, or fungi. They can cause a fever and other problems, depending on where the infection occurs. When the body`s natural defense system is strong, it can often fight the germs and prevent infection. Some cancer treatments can weaken the natural defense system. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.


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      • It`s possible to presume that, herpes group viral infections, including those caused by oral lesions, can cause a variety of diseases that range from mild to serious conditions in patients undergoing treatment for cancer.[24] The severity and impact of these lesions and systemic sequelae are directly related to the degree of immunocompromisation of the patient. Comorbid oral conditions such as mucositis or graft-versus-host disease can dramatically increase the severity of oral lesions and significantly increase the difficulty of diagnosis. Diagnosis is the process of identifying a disease, such as cancer, from its signs and symptoms. Viral, having to do with a virus. Graft, healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. Systemic, affecting the entire body. Graft-versus-host disease is a disease caused when cells from a donated stem cell graft attack the normal tissue of the transplant patient. Symptoms include jaundice, skin rash or blisters, a dry mouth, or dry eyes. Also called GVHD.

      • It could seem to be apparant that, in most instances, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections result from reactivation of latent virus, while cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections can result from either reactivation of a latent virus, or via a newly acquired virus. The viral infections can cause oral mucosal lesions. HSV is a type of virus that causes herpes infections and has DNA as its genetic material. There are two types of HSVs. Infections with type 1 viruses cause cold sores on the lips or nostrils. Infections with type 2 viruses cause sores on the genitals (external and internal sex organs and glands). Also called herpes simplex virus, HHV, and human herpesvirus. Latent, describes a condition that is present but not active or causing symptoms. Epstein-Barr virus is a common virus that remains dormant in most people. It causes infectious mononucleosis and has been associated with certain cancers, including Burkitt lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Also called EBV. Virus is in medicine, a very simple microorganism that infects cells and may cause disease. Because viruses can multiply only inside infected cells, they are not considered to be alive. Herpes simplex virus is a type of virus that causes herpes infections and has DNA as its genetic material. There are two types of herpes simplex viruses. Infections with type 1 viruses cause cold sores on the lips or nostrils. Infections with type 2 viruses cause sores on the genitals (external and internal sex organs and glands). Also called HHV, HSV, and human herpesvirus. Cytomegalovirus is a virus that may be carried in an inactive state for life by healthy individuals. It is a cause of severe pneumonia in people with a suppressed immune system, such as those undergoing bone marrow transplantation or those with leukemia or lymphoma. Also called CMV. CMV is a virus that may be carried in an inactive state for life by healthy individuals. It is a cause of severe pneumonia in people with a suppressed immune system, such as those undergoing bone marrow transplantation or those with leukemia or lymphoma. Also called cytomegalovirus. EBV is a common virus that remains dormant in most people. It causes infectious mononucleosis and has been associated with certain cancers, including Burkitt lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Also called Epstein-Barr virus.

      • You can conclude that, both indigenous oral flora and hospital-acquired pathogens have been associated with bacteremias and systemic infection. As the absolute neutrophil count falls below 1,000/mm3, incidence and severity of infection rise.[6] Patients with prolonged neutropenia are at higher risk of developing serious infectious complications.[7,8] Compromised salivary function can elevate risk of infection of oral origin. Neutropenia is a condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell). Absolute neutrophil count is a measure of the number of neutrophils in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help the body fight infection. An absolute neutrophil count may be used to check for infection, inflammation, leukemia, and other conditions. Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, may reduce the absolute neutrophil count. Also called ANC. Neutrophil is a type of immune cell that is one of the first cell types to travel to the site of an infection. Neutrophils help fight infection by ingesting microorganisms and releasing enzymes that kill the microorganisms. A neutrophil is a type of white blood cell, a type of granulocyte, and a type of phagocyte. Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease diagnosed each year.


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    What is cancer multicenter study?

    Posted by Unknown Posted on 6:08 AM with No comments

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    What is cancer multicenter study?

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    1. cancer multicenter study

      Multicenter study is a clinical trial that is carried out at more than one medical institution. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.


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      • One can deduce that, in 2003, researchers working on the International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Study compared 1670 patients who had oral cancer (both oral cavity and orophayngeal sites) with 1732 healthy volunteers from nine countries (J Natl Cancer Inst. Oral, by or having to do with the mouth. Oral cavity, refers to the mouth. It includes the lips, the lining inside the cheeks and lips, the front two thirds of the tongue, the upper and lower gums, the floor of the mouth under the tongue, the bony roof of the mouth, and the small area behind the wisdom teeth. Cavity is a hollow area or hole. It may describe a body cavity (such as the space within the abdomen) or a hole in a tooth caused by decay. Oral cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the oral cavity (the mouth) or the oropharynx (the part of the throat at the back of the mouth).

      • One can view, ...(2003) Human Papillomavirus and Oral Cancer The International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Study J. Human papillomavirus is a type of virus that can cause abnormal tissue growth (for example, warts) and other changes to cells. Infection for a long time with certain types of human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus may also play a role in some other types of cancer, such as anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, oropharyngeal, and squamous cell skin cancers. Also called HPV.

      • Finally, for example, agency for Research on Cancer multicenter study.


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    What is cancer endometrial disorder?

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    What is cancer endometrial disorder?

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    1. cancer endometrial disorder


    NEW: Try our Cancer Expert Fact Search, and get direct access to our Knowledge Base (KB).


    For more information on each topic click the link(s) above. Links without a preview are empty, indicating that no relevant information was found. There is no need for you to click these links, since they only act as placeholders.In case you are wondering, why this particular page does not contain a complete search report (as other pages do), then it's because our Bots have not yet been able to generate it. In general,our Bots will wait several days before generating a search report, in order to cut down on search results, which are generated by sites that frequently circulate their content. We consider such sites as being highly unreliable sources of information, and try to weed them out ahead of time.On occasion, search results will contain fragmented, and erroneous (misspelled, incorrect grammar and malformatted) text. It is not possible, for our Bots to automatically correct these, afterall they represent the corpus created by individuals and/or other Bots and who have placed it on the Internet.Keep in mind, Cancer Expert Search is a search engine, and we are required to return search results as closely resembling their original format, when they were discovered by our Bots (including all errors).

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    what are the symtons of cancer of the penis

    Posted by Unknown Posted on 4:45 AM with No comments

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    what are the symtons of cancer of the penis

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    1. penis cancer

      Penis is an external male reproductive organ. It contains a tube called the urethra, which carries semen and urine to the outside of the body. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.


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      • Apparently, one possible explanation of the previously reported strong association between syphilis and the risk of penis cancer is that early penis cancer in some patients may have been misdiagnosed and initially treated as syphilis, and that some of these incorrect syphilis diagnoses may have persisted even after diagnosis of penis cancer. Diagnosis is the process of identifying a disease, such as cancer, from its signs and symptoms.

      • It really is obvious that, falling incidence of penis cancer in an uncircumcised population (Denmark 19431990). Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease diagnosed each year.

      • One can presume that, penis cancer Is there an epidemiological role for smoking and sexual behavior.


    2. symtons


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    What is cancer nilutamide?

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    What is cancer nilutamide?

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    1. cancer nilutamide

      Nilutamide is a drug that blocks the effects of male hormones in the body. It is a type of antiandrogen. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.


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      • It is obvious that, men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer not amenable to curative surgery or radiation therapy were eligible for the study if they had radiographic or PSA progression on at least one antiandrogen (not nilutamide) despite continued androgen suppression and standard antiandrogen withdrawal periods. All men received nilutamide 150mg/day orally for ? Curative surgery is an operation to remove cancerous tissue. Part or all of the organ or tissue in which the cancer started and a small amount of healthy tissue around the cancer is removed. Nearby lymph nodes may also be removed. Curative surgery may be used as primary therapy for localized cancer and is often followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any cancer cells that remain. Radiation, energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves. Common sources of radiation include radon gas, cosmic rays from outer space, medical x-rays, and energy given off by a radioisotope (unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable). Progression is in medicine, the course of a disease, such as cancer, as it becomes worse or spreads in the body. PSA is a protein made by the prostate gland and found in the blood. PSA blood levels may be higher than normal in men who have prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or infection or inflammation of the prostate gland. Also called prostate-specific antigen. Surgery is a procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present. An operation. Androgen suppression, treatment to suppress or block the production or action of male hormones. This is done by having the testicles removed, by taking female sex hormones, or by taking drugs called antiandrogens. Also called androgen ablation and androgen deprivation. Antiandrogen is a substance that prevents cells from making or using androgens (hormones that play a role in the formation of male sex characteristics). Antiandrogens may stop some cancer cells from growing. Some antiandrogens are used to treat prostate cancer, and others are being studied for this use. An antiandrogen is a type of hormone antagonist. Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen. Prostate cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men. Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body. Also called irradiation and radiotherapy. Therapy, treatment.

      • It`s that, keywords: antiandrogen; prostate cancer; nilutamide; bicalutamide; response OBJECTIVE To determine the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and time to PSA or radiographic progression in men with prostate cancer refractory to bicalutamide and/or flutamide therapy. PATIENTS AND (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (formerly American Dietetic Association (ADA))) METHODS Men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer not amenable to curative surgery or radiation therapy were eligible for the study if they had radiographic or PSA progression on at least one antiandrogen (not nilutamide) despite continued androgen suppression and standard antiandrogen withdrawal periods. Prostate-specific antigen is a protein made by the prostate gland and found in the blood. Prostate-specific antigen blood levels may be higher than normal in men who have prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or infection or inflammation of the prostate gland. Also called PSA. Response is in medicine, an improvement related to treatment. Flutamide is an anticancer drug that is a type of antiandrogen. Refractory is in medicine, describes a disease or condition that does not respond to treatment. Bicalutamide is an anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antiandrogens. Antigen, any substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response.

      • You can determine, therefore, it seems reasonable to deprive advanced prostate cancers of most of their supply of male hormones by castration, and to use antiandrogens to block the effect of the small amounts that continue to be made available by the adrenal glands. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, 203 patients with advanced prostate cancer were treated surgically and randomly assigned to receive either placebo or nilutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen. The patients treated with castration and nilutamide achieved a greater proportion of successful responses to therapy, 46 versus 20 percent. Castration, removal or destruction of the testicles or ovaries using radiation, surgery, or drugs. Medical castration refers to the use of drugs to suppress the function of the ovaries or testicles. Placebo is an inactive substance or treatment that looks the same as, and is given the same way as, an active drug or treatment being tested. The effects of the active drug or treatment are compared to the effects of the placebo.


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