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What is cancer epothilone?
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- cancer epothilone
Epothilone is a substance obtained from bacteria that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.
Preview- One can determine, prostatic; a pancreatic; and a brain tumor.(and/or any metastasis thereof), most preferably a gastrointestinal-tumor, especially a colorectal cancer, more especially a gastrointestinal cancer, especially a colorectal cancer, that is refractory to treatment with a member of the taxane class of anti-cancer agents, especially TAXOL, or very especially such tumor that is refractory to a standard chemotherapy, such as treatment a standard chemotherapeutic, especially with 5-fluorouracil; or a tumor of the genitourinary tract, especially a prostate cancer, most especially a hormone-refractory prostate cancer; where epothilone A and/or B, especially epothilone B, is administered to a warm-blooded animal, especially a human. Taxane is a type of drug that blocks cell growth by stopping mitosis (cell division). Taxanes interfere with microtubules (cellular structures that help move chromosomes during mitosis). They are used to treat cancer. A taxane is a type of mitotic inhibitor and a type of antimicrotubule agent. Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen. 5-fluorouracil is a drug used to treat cancers of the breast, stomach, and pancreas, and certain types of colorectal and head and neck cancers. It is also used in a cream to treat basal cell skin cancer and actinic keratosis (a skin condition that may become cancer). It is being studied in the treatment of other conditions and types of cancer. 5-fluorouracil stops cells from making DNA and it may kill cancer cells. It is a type of antimetabolite. Also called 5-FU, Adrucil, Efudex, Fluoroplex, and fluorouracil. Prostate cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men. Gastrointestinal, refers to the stomach and intestines. Also called GI. Metastasis is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. A tumor formed by cells that have spread is called a metastatic tumor or a metastasis. The metastatic tumor contains cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural form of metastasis is metastases (meh-TAS-tuh-SEEZ). Colorectal, having to do with the colon or the rectum. Chemotherapy, treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells. Brain tumor is the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. Brain tumors can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). Taxol is a drug used to treat breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. It is also used together with another drug to treat non-small cell lung cancer. Taxol is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. It blocks cell growth by stopping cell division and may kill cancer cells. It is a type of antimitotic agent. Also called paclitaxel. Hormone-refractory is in medicine, describes a disease or condition that does not respond to treatment with hormones. Also called hormone-resistant. Fluorouracil is a drug used to treat cancers of the breast, stomach, and pancreas, and certain types of colorectal and head and neck cancers. It is also used in a cream to treat basal cell skin cancer and actinic keratosis (a skin condition that may become cancer). It is being studied in the treatment of other conditions and types of cancer. Fluorouracil stops cells from making DNA and it may kill cancer cells. It is a type of antimetabolite. Also called 5-fluorouracil, 5-FU, Adrucil, Efudex, and Fluoroplex. Refractory is in medicine, describes a disease or condition that does not respond to treatment. Tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer). Also called neoplasm. Colorectal cancer, cancer that develops in the colon (the longest part of the large intestine) and/or the rectum (the last several inches of the large intestine before the anus). Epothilone B is a substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of epothilone. Also called EPO906. Pancreatic, having to do with the pancreas. Hormone, one of many substances made by glands in the body. Hormones circulate in the bloodstream and control the actions of certain cells or organs. Some hormones can also be made in the laboratory.
- It really is clear that, in a second aspect, the present invention relates to an in vivo regimen for the treatment of a proliferative disease, especially a cancer that is refractory to treatment with one or more other chemotherapeutics, especially of the taxane class, like TAXOL, and/or 5-fluorouracil, where an epothilone, especially epothilone A and/or B, especially epothilone B, is administered in a dose that is between about 1 and about 100%, preferably between about 25 and 100%, of the (single administration) maximal tolerated dose (MTD) to a warm-blooded animal, especially a human; and one or more (preferably two to seven) further doses preferably each within the dose range mentioned just above are administered in one or preferably more than one further treatment cycle(s), especially with an interval between the treatment cycles of one week or more than one week after the preceding treatment, more preferably after about one to about 6 weeks, most preferably about one to about-three weeks after the preceding treatment, respectively. Generally, this treatment regimen where a high dose is administered in two or more treatment cycles with periods of time between one to six, preferably one to three weeks of time between administrations is preferred over more frequent treatments with lower doses, especially as it should reduce the frequency and duration of hospitalization and as it shows superior antitumor effects and less toxicity than more frequent treatments and more antitumor efficacy than less frequent treatment. Antitumor, having to do with stopping abnormal cell growth. MTD is the highest dose of a drug or treatment that does not cause unacceptable side effects. The MTD is determined in clinical trials by testing increasing doses on different groups of people until the highest dose with acceptable side effects is found. Also called maximum tolerated dose. In vivo is in the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). Toxicity is the extent to which something is poisonous or harmful. Treatment cycle is in medicine, a course of treatment that is repeated on a regular schedule with periods of rest in between. For example, treatment given for one week followed by three weeks of rest is one treatment cycle. Efficacy, effectiveness. In medicine, the ability of an intervention (for example, a drug or surgery) to produce the desired beneficial effect. Administration is in medicine, the act of giving a treatment, such as a drug, to a patient. It can also refer to the way it is given, the dose, or how often it is given. Regimen is a treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment.
- Evidently, however, their mechanism of microtubule binding is different from that of paclitaxel, which makes epothilones an attractive drug class for patients with taxane-resistant malignancies. As taxane resistance remains a significant barrier in the treatment of a variety of cancers, it is important to understand epothilones and their indications. Several epothilone compounds, including ixabepilone (BMS-247550, aza-epothilone B, Ixempra), patupilone (EPO (Exclusive provider organization)906, epothilone B), KOS-862 (desoxyepothilone B, epothilone D), BMS-310705, ZK-EPO (Exclusive provider organization) (ZK-219477), and KOS-1584, have been tested for the treatment of a variety of solid tumor types. Ixempra is a drug used to treat metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer that has not improved after treatment with certain other anticancer drugs. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Ixempra stops the growth of tumor cells by blocking cell division. It is a type of epothilone analog. Also called BMS-247550 and ixabepilone. Barrier, something that blocks, prevents, separates, or limits. BMS-247550 is a drug used to treat metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer that has not improved after treatment with certain other anticancer drugs. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. BMS-247550 stops the growth of tumor cells by blocking cell division. It is a type of epothilone analog. Also called ixabepilone and Ixempra. Paclitaxel is a drug used to treat breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. It is also used together with another drug to treat non-small cell lung cancer. Paclitaxel is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. It blocks cell growth by stopping cell division and may kill cancer cells. It is a type of antimitotic agent. Also called Taxol. Ixabepilone is a drug used to treat metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer that has not improved after treatment with certain other anticancer drugs. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Ixabepilone stops the growth of tumor cells by blocking cell division. It is a type of epothilone analog. Also called BMS-247550 and Ixempra. KOS-862 is a substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of mitotic inhibitor and epothilone. Also called epothilone D. Significant is in statistics, describes a mathematical measure of difference between groups. The difference is said to be significant if it is greater than what might be expected to happen by chance alone. Also called statistically significant. Solid tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that usually does not contain cysts or liquid areas. Solid tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer). Different types of solid tumors are named for the type of cells that form them. Examples of solid tumors are sarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas. Leukemias (cancers of the blood) generally do not form solid tumors. Epothilone D is a substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of mitotic inhibitor and epothilone. Also called KOS-862.
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