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What is cancer FNA biopsy?
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- cancer fna biopsy
Biopsy is the removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist. The pathologist may study the tissue under a microscope or perform other tests on the cells or tissue. There are many different types of biopsy procedures. The most common types include: (1) incisional biopsy, in which only a sample of tissue is removed; (2) excisional biopsy, in which an entire lump or suspicious area is removed; and (3) needle biopsy, in which a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle. When a wide needle is used, the procedure is called a core biopsy. When a thin needle is used, the procedure is called a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. FNA biopsy is the removal of tissue or fluid with a thin needle for examination under a microscope. Also called fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.
Preview- It would seem to be apparant that, the routine staging process includes taking a thorough history of the patient, physical examination, mammography, ultrasonography (US) of the breast and lymph node basins, computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen, bone scanning, and chest radiography. Cancer is assigned a clinical stage at the time of the initial diagnosis based on the findings of the physical examination, radiologic studies, and core needle biopsy (CNB) of the primary breast tumor, with or without fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy or CNB of locoregional lymph nodes (ie, those in the axillary basins, supraclavicular and infraclavicular regions, and internal mammary chain). The definitive breast cancer stage is based on pathologic information obtained at the time of surgical removal of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes. Tomography is a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. The pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Mammography is the use of film or a computer to create a picture of the breast. Diagnosis is the process of identifying a disease, such as cancer, from its signs and symptoms. Primary tumor is the original tumor. Core needle biopsy is the removal of a tissue sample with a wide needle for examination under a microscope. Also called core biopsy. Staging, performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body. It is important to know the stage of the disease in order to plan the best treatment. Ultrasonography is a procedure in which high-energy sound waves are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echo patterns are shown on the screen of an ultrasound machine, forming a picture of body tissues called a sonogram. Also called ultrasound. Breast, glandular organ located on the chest. The breast is made up of connective tissue, fat, and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called mammary gland. Breast cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare. Mammary, having to do with the breast. Aspiration, removal of fluid or tissue through a needle. Also, the accidental breathing in of food or fluid into the lungs. Physical examination is an exam of the body to check for general signs of disease. Stage is the extent of a cancer in the body. Staging is usually based on the size of the tumor, whether lymph nodes contain cancer, and whether the cancer has spread from the original site to other parts of the body. Axillary, pertaining to the armpit area, including the lymph nodes that are located there. Lymph is the clear fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infections and other diseases. Also called lymphatic fluid. Clinical, having to do with the examination and treatment of patients. Lymph node is a rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Lymph nodes filter lymph (lymphatic fluid), and they store lymphocytes (white blood cells). They are located along lymphatic vessels. Also called lymph gland. Abdomen is the area of the body that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. Tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer). Also called neoplasm. Needle biopsy is the removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. When a wide needle is used, the procedure is called a core biopsy. When a thin needle is used, the procedure is called a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Scan is a picture of structures inside the body. Scans often used in diagnosing, staging, and monitoring disease include liver scans, bone scans, and computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In liver scanning and bone scanning, radioactive substances that are injected into the bloodstream collect in these organs. A scanner that detects the radiation is used to create pictures. In CT scanning, an x-ray machine linked to a computer is used to produce detailed pictures of organs inside the body. MRI scans use a large magnet connected to a computer to create pictures of areas inside the body. Clinical stage is the stage of cancer (amount or spread of cancer in the body) that is based on tests that are done before surgery. These include physical exams, imaging tests, laboratory tests (such as blood tests), and biopsies.
- One can recognize, to the best of our knowledge, there are no strict guidelines for selecting the lymph nodes for performing tissue biopsy. The majority of investigators performed FNA biopsy of lymph nodes suspected of harboring metastatic disease on sonography. Kuenen-Boumeester et al20 performed FNA biopsy of lymph nodes nearest to the breast, postulating that these lymph nodes most likely represent sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Metastatic, having to do with metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from the primary site (place where it started) to other places in the body. Tissue is a group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
- One can presume that, in summary, FNA biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes plays an important role in the initial staging of breast cancer. Sonographic evaluation of lymph nodes, with or without associated FNA biopsy of indeterminate, suspicious, or metastatic lymph nodes, increases the sensitivity and specificity of the evaluation in patients with early and advanced stage breast cancer. Sensitivity, when referring to a medical test, sensitivity refers to the percentage of people who test positive for a specific disease among a group of people who have the disease. No test has 100% sensitivity because some people who have the disease will test negative for it (false negatives). Specificity, when referring to a medical test, specificity refers to the percentage of people who test negative for a specific disease among a group of people who do not have the disease. No test is 100% specific because some people who do not have the disease will test positive for it (false positive).
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